Henry the Navigator. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. Why was exploration so important to Spain? Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. For more than a century, Baker Hughes . 247 lessons Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. How did Exploration impact the world? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. . They also found a sea route to India. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. Islamic states had dominated. Sources. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Spain. The Spaniards moved north, too. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. Map showing the routes to the Far East. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. He also started a school Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. The Dilemma of the West, African Americans in the Antebellum United States, The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States, An Awakening of Religion and Individualism, The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party, The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife, The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War, Congress and the Remaking of the South, 18651866, The Loss of American Indian Life and Culture, The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens, Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor, The African American Great Migration and New European Immigration, Political Corruption in Postbellum America, The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold, The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America, New Voices for Women and African Americans, The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire, American Isolationism and the European Origins of War, Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath, Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment, Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s, Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal, The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States, The African American Struggle for Civil Rights, Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 14921650. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? 1015 Words. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. Back to Table of Contents. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. . Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. SE. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. | 22 They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. explored isthmus of panama. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. succeed. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. 1524. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Spanish . explored ante empire in Mexico. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. flashcard sets. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. This button displays the currently selected search type. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. The reasons for the difference are to be found in the. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? By In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. The voyages of Columbus. However, the reality is far more complex. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World.